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F5 Labs published research on SparkRAT, a freely available, Go-based open-source Remote Access Trojan with a C2 server and builds for Windows, Linux and macOS. Public reporting since January 2023 shows use by a widening set of actors: Chinese-speaking groups, Winnti (APT41), Patchwork, TAG-100, suspected UAC-0194 against Ukraine, and Cybe…
F5 Labs, using Efflux sensor telemetry, reports on the most exploited CVEs of April 2025 and on internet-wide scanning for SparkRAT command-and-control servers. A single actor, using three IPs in DigitalOcean ASN 14061, sent identical HTTP POST requests to the SparkRAT in-place update endpoint, each IP scanning for about 13 hours and reac…
F5 Labs, using Efflux sensor telemetry, reports a campaign that began on 2025-06-08. One actor is exploiting TP-Link AX21 routers (CVE-2023-1389, command injection in the country query parameter) and Raisecom web interfaces (CVE-2024-7120) to deliver a new malware family named NoBooze1. Four source IPs and three stage-one hosts were rotat…
F5 Labs, using Efflux sensor telemetry, analyzed December 2025 exploitation of React2Shell (CVE-2025-55182), a CVSS 10.0 unsafe deserialization RCE in React Server Components. It was disclosed on 3 December 2025 and rose to second place among the most exploited CVEs, behind only CVE-2017-9841. Within days of disclosure, actors moved from …
